Validation of the English version of the TOY8 developmental screening tool: examining measurement invariance across languages, gender and income groups.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The National Health and Morbidity Survey in Malaysia (2022) revealed a significant increase in developmental delays among young children. Early detection using valid, accessible, and cross-culturally appropriate developmental screening tools is essential. Thus, English-language and Malay versions of the TOY EIGHT developmental screening tool (TOY8) were developed using artificial intelligence and a standardized parent-proxy questionnaire. This study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of the English version of TOY8, building on the previously validated Malay TOY8, and to examine measurement invariance across language versions, gender, and income groups.

Methods

TOY8 was designed and developed to screen for developmental problems in children age

SUBMITTER: Wo SW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11889742 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature