The Malignant Transformation of Viral Hepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Interventions.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, predominantly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These infections drive persistent liver inflammation, culminating in cellular dysregulation, fibrosis, and cancer. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, drug resistance and the lack of reliable biomarkers for patient stratification still terribly hinder the treatment of viral HCC. To this end, the review delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of viral hepatitis to HCC, including viral integration, genomic instability, epigenetic modifications, oxidative stress, gut microbiota dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, immune escape, and abnormal signaling pathways, high

SUBMITTER: Yuan H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11890166 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature