A Spline-Based Approach to Smoothly Constrain Hazard Ratios With a View to Apply Treatment Effect Waning.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To describe and assess, via simulation, a constraint-based spline approach to implement smooth hazard ratio (HR) waning in time-to-event analyses.

Methods

A common consideration when extrapolating survival functions to evaluate the long-term performance of a novel intervention is scenarios where the beneficial effect of an intervention eventually disappears (treatment effect waning). One approach to relaxing the proportional hazards assumption for a treatment effect is to model it as a function of the timescale, with a spline function offering a flexible approach. We consider the constraint of coefficients of spline variables to 0 during estimation, leading to log-treatment effects that are constrained to 0 (HR = 1) from a given time-point: enforcing treatment eff

SUBMITTER: Jennings AC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11891414 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature