Estimation of the domestic water demand‒supply scenario and its key driving factors in the Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area, Pakistan.

ABSTRACT: Domestic water availability is intricately linked with a growing population, urbanization, and associated land use/land cover change (LULCC). Precise and periodic assessments of water supply and demand are imperative for the sustainability of urban ecosystems. The present study provides a situational analysis of the domestic water supply and demand and LULC to quantify their impacts on water resources in the rapidly growing water scarce metropolitan area of Islamabad-Rawalpindi. Data regarding demography, water demand and supply were collected from concerned government departments, and the water demand-supply balance was projected for the years 2021-2050 through simple equations. Two remotely sensed satellite imageries (Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 TM) were retrieved and supervised classifi

SUBMITTER: Rana SA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11892837 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature