GRADE and X-GRADE: Unveiling Novel Protein-Ligand Interaction Fingerprints Based on GRAIL Scores.

ABSTRACT: Nonbonding molecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic contacts, ionic interactions, etc., are at the heart of many biological processes, and their appropriate treatment is essential for the successful application of numerous computational drug design methods. This paper introduces GRADE, a novel interaction fingerprint (IFP) descriptor that quantifies these interactions using floating point values derived from GRAIL scores, encoding both the presence and quality of interactions. GRADE is available in two versions: a basic 35-element variant and an extended 177-element variant. Three case studies demonstrate GRADE's utility: (1) dimensionality reduction for visualizing the chemical space of protein-ligand complexes using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP

SUBMITTER: Fellinger C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11898076 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature