Real-Time Navigation in Liver Surgery Through Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: An Updated Analysis of Worldwide Protocols and Applications.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence has seen extensive application across medical and surgical fields, praised for its real-time navigation capabilities and low toxicity. Initially employed to assess liver function, ICG fluorescence is now integral to liver surgery, aiding in tumor detection, liver segmentation, and the visualization of bile leaks. This study reviews current protocols and ICG fluorescence applications in liver surgery, with a focus on optimizing timing and dosage based on clinical indications.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed the literature up to 27 January 2024, using PubMed and Medline to identify studies on ICG fluorescence used in liver surgery. A systematic review was performed to evaluate dosage and timing pro

SUBMITTER: Avella P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11898688 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature