Thiostrepton suppresses intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via FOXM1-mediated tumor-associated macrophages reprogramming.

ABSTRACT: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer with an extremely poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment options. Recent studies increasingly suggest that the Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor may serve as a candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. However, its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms in ICC remain not fully understood. Here, we identify thiostrepton (TST) as a potent FOXM1 inhibitor, capable of exerting "dual anti-tumor" effects in ICC. On one hand, TST effectively suppresses tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. On the other hand, TST treatment improves the tumor immune microenvironment by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Mechanistically, TST directl

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11904789 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature