Therapeutics of acute myeloid leukemia with central nervous system involvement.

ABSTRACT: FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement poses therapeutic challenges. We describe two cases and performed a systematic review evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in CNS involvement for both FLT3-mutated and wild-type (WT) AML. A MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane literature search identified relevant studies. Although CNS involvement in AML is associated with poor prognosis, routine CNS prophylaxis is not standard. Due to the uncertainty regarding the effect of intermediate doses of cytarabine on CNS involvement, we support a diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) after achieving complete remission in patients with risk factors for CNS infiltration. Consolidation management should be modified depending on the result of the LP.

SUBMITTER: Suarez EU 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11906164 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature