Mitigation of adverse effect of cadmium toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through foliar application of chitosan and spermidine.

ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd) stress is considered among the most harmful abiotic stresses because of its toxicity and ability to alter the ultrastructure of plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) can readily accumulate Cd from the soil, but its elevated level posed negative effect on their development and nutritional quality. In this study, efficacy of chitosan and spermidine synergistic application was evaluated to improve Cd metal tolerance or its exclusion in lettuce. A pot experiment was conducted in a four-way completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replicates, using two L. sativa varieties (VRIL-0205 and Green Check). Following treatments, Cd stress (10 ppm CdCl₂), chitosan (200 ppm) and spermidine (145 ppm) were applied along with their respective controls. The negative effects of Cd stre

SUBMITTER: Rafique M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11914054 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature