Hydroxycotinine exhibits a stronger association with chronic kidney disease in smokers when compared to cotinine: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2018.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Smoking is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cotinine and hydroxycotinine are tobacco metabolites that can be used to quantify smoking. This study evaluated their relationship with CKD in smokers.

Methods

This secondary dataset analysis is based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2013 to 2018. A cross-sectional examination of a subsample of 2930 adult smokers aged ≥20 years was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum cotinine and its metabolite, hydroxycotinine, and CKD. Linear regression, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, restrictive cubic splines, and subgroup analysis were utilized.

Results

Serum cotinine and hydroxycotinine levels were significantly elevated in

SUBMITTER: Zhao S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11915096 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature