External fixators and lengthening systems in pediatric upper limb.

ABSTRACT: The use of external fixators is part of the cultural background of orthopedic surgeons in treating numerous clinical conditions. Over the years, fixator design and biomechanical knowledge have led to different solutions and techniques, and bone lengthening and its better understanding come together with the development of external fixators and the application of the biological principle of distraction osteogenesis. The authors conducted a literature review about using external fixators and lengthening systems in pediatric upper limbs. Despite the applications of external fixators in upper limbs remaining much more limited than those of the lower limbs, there are indications of traumatic, congenital, tumor, and infectious etiologies. However, despite the spread of new systems of plate and s

SUBMITTER: Catena N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11915237 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature