Causal associations of inflammatory cytokines and urinary stones: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Prior research has shown potential changes in cytokine and growth factor levels in patients with urinary stones, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between cytokine and growth factor levels and urinary tract stones.

Methods

This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with 41 circulating cytokines and growth factors datasets alongside urinary stone disease (USD) data. It employed various analytical methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis, maximum likelihood estimation, MR-Egger regression, weighted median approach, simple median method, and weighted mode to establish causal relationships. Sensitivity analysis included the MR-Egger regression intercept t

SUBMITTER: Yao H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11921299 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature