Imaging of coexisting classical and non-classical oriented attachment growth pathways in covalent organic framework microcrystals.

ABSTRACT: Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are promising multifunctional materials for applications in adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, despite the continuous synthesis of an increasing number of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks, little is known about the crystal growth pathways. Here, we report the real-time visual observation of the crystal growth process of COF-300 and LZU-79, two typical three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks, using in situ dark-field optical microscopy. Our dark-field optical microscopy imaging results reveal that two crystal-growth pathways are simultaneously operative during the liquid growth of COF-300 and LZU-79 microcrystals, including classical crystal growth modes and non-classical oriented attachment mechanisms. Specifical

SUBMITTER: Wu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11923072 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature