Photoactivated Rose Bengal Triggers Phospholipid Hydroperoxidation and Late Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

ABSTRACT: Rose Bengal (RB) is a promising photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), but its application to colorectal carcinoma remains largely unexplored. Herein, we employ in vitro assays to demonstrate that incorporation of RB has substantial phototoxicity against Caco-2 cells, with more than 80% reduction in cell viability for 24 h incubation with 5 × 10^-6 mol/L RB followed by irradiation. In contrast, RB had minimal toxicity without irradiation. The mechanisms of RB action were further elucidated using confocal fluorescence microscopy, Langmuir monolayers as cell membrane models, and flow cytometry to determine the cell death pathways. Flow cytometry revealed that the primary mode of cell death was late apoptosis. RB incorporation affected Caco-2 plasma membrane mor

SUBMITTER: Ferreira AS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11924238 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature