Observation of multi-order polar radial vortices and their topological transition.

ABSTRACT: Topological states have garnered enormous interest in both magnetic and ferroelectric materials for promising candidates of next-generation information carriers. Especially, multi-order topological structures with modulative topological charges are promising for multi-state storage. Here, by engineering boundary conditions, we directly observe the self-assembly two-order ferroelectric radial vortices in high-density BiFeO₃ nanostructures. The as-observed two-order radial vortex features a doughnut-like out-of-plane polarization distribution and four-quadrant in-plane distribution, with the topological charge of Q = 0. Systematic dimensional control of the BiFeO₃ nanostructures reveals size-dependent stabilization of distinct topological states, from elementary one-ord

SUBMITTER: Geng WR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11928551 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature