Urinary based biomarkers identification and genetic profiling in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of metabolomic studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Parkinson's disease is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease associated with dopamine deficiency and both motor and nonmotor deficits. Therapeutic pathways remain challenging in Parkinson's disease due to the low accuracy of early diagnosis, the difficulty in monitoring disease progression, and the limited availability of treatment options.

Objectives

Few data are present to identify urinary biomarkers for various ailments, potentially aiding in the diagnosis and tracking of illness progression in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Thus, the analysis of urinary metabolomic biomarkers (UMB) for early and mid-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is the main goal of this systematic review.

Methods

For this study, six electronic databases w

SUBMITTER: Dhiman NR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11931117 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature