Dietary grape seed extract mitigated growth retardation, hormonal delay, and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by insecticide imidacloprid in Nile tilapia.

ABSTRACT: Overusing the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) in agriculture has led to its presence in water bodies, causing serious environmental issues and fish toxicity. This study explored the potential benefits of grape seed extract (GSE) in mitigating IMD-induced growth and hormonal and gastrointestinal toxicity in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 healthy juvenile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), weighing an average of 11.44 ± 2.01 g at 2 weeks of age, were divided equally into four groups, each with three replicates. The control group received no special treatment, while the second group was given a diet containing 2% GSE^®. The third group was exposed to 1.5 µg IMD per liter of water. The fourth group was subjected to the same IMD exposure and fed a diet containing 2% GSE^®

SUBMITTER: El-Fahla NA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11937218 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature