Metabolic Reprogramming in Response to Freund's Adjuvants: Insights from Serum Metabolomics.

ABSTRACT: Freund's adjuvants have been used in vaccine and autoimmune settings, and their effects can be overlapping or unique to each. While both incomplete Freund's adjuvants (IFA) and complete Freund's adjuvants (CFA) influence antibody and T cell responses, the robust T helper 1 cytokines induced by the mycobacterial components make CFA the powerful immunostimulating adjuvant. In these studies, the adjuvant effects are investigated in a select population of cells, and the changes, if any, with the metabolic alterations in the systemic compartment are unclear. We investigated whether the effects of IFA and CFA can be influenced by the metabolic shifts in mice immunized with saline, IFA, or CFA using Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a positive c

SUBMITTER: Mone K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11944801 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature