Socioeconomic and Eco-Environmental Drivers Differentially Trigger and Amplify Bacterial and Viral Outbreaks of Zoonotic Pathogens.

ABSTRACT: The frequency of infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics is rising, demanding an understanding of their drivers. Common wisdom suggests that increases in outbreak frequency are driven by socioeconomic factors such as globalization and urbanization, yet, the majority of disease outbreaks are caused by zoonotic pathogens that can be transmitted from animals to humans, suggesting the important role of ecological and environmental drivers. Previous studies of outbreak drivers have also failed to quantify the differences between major classes of pathogens, such as bacterial and viral pathogens. Here, we reconsider the observed drivers of a global sample of 300 zoonotic outbreaks, including the 100 largest outbreaks that occurred between 1977 and 2017. We show that socioeconomic factors more

SUBMITTER: Phillips P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11945676 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature