Callus organoids reveal distinct cartilage to bone transition mechanisms across donors and a role for biological sex.

ABSTRACT: Clinical translation of tissue-engineered advanced therapeutic medicinal products is hindered by a lack of patient-dependent and independent in-process biological quality controls that are reflective of in vivo outcomes. Recent insights into the mechanism of native bone repair highlight a robust path dependence. Organoid-based bottom-up developmental engineering mimics this path-dependence to design personalized living implants scaffold-free, with in-build outcome predictability. Yet, adequate (noninvasive) quality metrics of engineered tissues are lacking. Moreover, insufficient insight into the role of donor variability and biological sex as influencing factors for the mechanism toward bone repair hinders the implementation of such protocols for personalized bone implants. Here, male and

SUBMITTER: Decoene I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11947321 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature