Multi-Step Assembly of an RNA-Liposome Nanoparticle Formulation Revealed by Real-Time, Single-Particle Quantitative Imaging.

ABSTRACT: Self-assembly plays a critical role in nanoparticle-based applications. However, it remains challenging to monitor the self-assembly of multi-component nanomaterials at a single-particle level, in real-time, with high throughput, and in a model-independent manner. Here, multi-color fluorescence microscopy is applied to track the assembly of both liposomes and mRNA simultaneously in clinical mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy. Imaging reveals that the assembly occurs in discrete steps: initially, RNA adsorbs onto the liposomes; then, the RNA-coated liposomes cluster into heterogeneous structures ranging from sub-micrometer to tens of micrometers. The clustering process is consistent with a Smoluchowski model with a Brownian diffusion kernel. The transition between the two steps of assembly is

SUBMITTER: Chung MC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11948016 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature