Synthesis of iron oxide/activated hydrochar composite from residual brewery biomass for remediation of water contaminated with chlorophenol.

ABSTRACT: This study presents the development of iron oxide/activated hydrochar composites from brewer's spent grain (BSG) to remove 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) from water via adsorption and Fenton oxidation. Two synthesis methods were employed: (1) incipient wetness impregnation via hydrothermal carbonization (FeOHC) and (2) chemical coprecipitation of iron oxide onto the hydrochar surface (FeOHC-C). Characterization revealed mesoporous structures with surface areas ranging from 44 to 66 m² g⁻¹ and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) as the predominant iron oxide phase. Adsorption studies demonstrated equilibrium capacities of 24.63 mg g⁻¹ for FeOHC and 18.70 mg g⁻¹ for FeOHC-C, with adsorption kinetics best described by the Elovich model and equilibrium behavior fitting the Sips isotherm, suggesting a heterogeneous monol

SUBMITTER: Kopp M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11953375 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature