Assessing the effect of modifiable risk factors on hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves a variety of environmental risk factors, some of which have yet to be fully clarified. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study comprehensively investigates the causal effect of genetically predicted modifiable risk factors on HCC.

Methods

Genetic variants related to the 50 risk factors that had been identified in previous research were derived from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for the discovery cohort and validation cohort of HCC were sourced from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank, respectively. Bidirectional MR analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to establish causative risk factors for HCC.

Results

Through the inverse variance weighte

SUBMITTER: Wei L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11958933 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature