Association of tobacco use with depressive symptoms in adults: Considerations of symptom severity, symptom clusters, and sex.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

We aim to assess the association between depressive symptoms, depressive symptom severity and symptom clusters with tobacco use. We will also evaluate sex differences in these associations.

Method

This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Tobacco use was categorized into four groups: cigarette use, smoked tobacco products (pipes and cigars), smokeless tobacco products (chewing tobacco and snuff), and non-tobacco use (reference group).

Results

This study included 33,509 participants. Cigarette use was associated with a 0.83-unit increase in total PHQ-9 scores (95% CI =  [0.63, 1.04]), and 1.73 times higher odds of repor

SUBMITTER: Meshkat S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11964252 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature