Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis identifies protein C rather than protein S or antithrombin-III as associated with deep venous thrombosis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Observational studies have indicated significant contributions of protein C and protein S to thrombotic diseases, yet the "anticoagulation paradox" in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains unresolved. Therefore, we conducted an investigation to discern the causal effects of protein C, protein S and antithrombin-III on DVT risk.

Material and methods

We employed a two-sample (one to evaluate the gene-exposure relationship and the other to evaluate the gene-outcome relationship) bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the causal associations between protein C, protein S, antithrombin-III and DVT.

Results

Genetic associations with DVT were extracted from a comprehensive genome-wide association study involving 484,598 individuals. In the

SUBMITTER: Shu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11969515 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature