Development of the European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: comparison of the helpfulness of ESH 2013, 2018, and 2023 guidelines.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Over the last decade, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) published several guidelines (GLs) for the Management of Arterial Hypertension (2013, 2018, and 2023). We hypothesized that the GL has been improved because of the publications of new evidence. Thus, we aimed to examine the development of ESH guidelines (ESH GLs) by comparing their helpfulness regarding the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

Methods

A novel mathematical analysis was used to compare ESH GLs. Not only the frequency of Classes of Recommendations (CLASS) and the Levels of Evidence (LEVEL) were examined but a newly developed certainty index (CI) was calculated. This CI allows the CLASS and LEVEL to be assessed together, providing a less biased assessment of GLs, than examining the CL

SUBMITTER: Koller A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11970597 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature