Metagenomic evaluation, antimicrobial activities, and immune stimulation of probiotics from dietary supplements and dairy products.

ABSTRACT: Probiotics are widely marketed as dietary supplements and dairy products for their purported antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, often with limited supporting evidence. We identified and isolated probiotics from commercial dietary supplements and dairy products using metagenomics and cultured-based methods. We assessed their anti-bacterial activity against diverse pathogens and investigated their immunomodulatory effects on phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the predominant genera in dietary supplements, while Streptococcus spp. was dominated in dairy products. However, only 37% of the predominant microorganisms identified by metagenomics were accurately listed on product labels. Among 70 representa

SUBMITTER: Chornchoem P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11971409 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature