Proliferative Markers in Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy Implications: A Comprehensive Review.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death among women globally. Determining which patients will benefit from chemotherapy remains challenging. Proliferative markers such as Ki-67, mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) offer valuable insights into tumor growth and treatment response. This review evaluates their clinical roles, with a focus on chemotherapy implications and emerging digital pathology techniques for marker quantification.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies related to Ki-67, MCM, PCNA, breast cancer, and chemotherapy. Studies were thematically categorized into five areas. A bibliometric

SUBMITTER: Salahi-Niri A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11976874 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature