Urinary metal levels and their association with Parkinson's disease risk: insights from NHANES 2013-2020.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, with both genetic predispositions and behavioral factors contributing to its onset and progression. While the precise mechanisms underlying PD remain uncertain, environmental influences are increasingly acknowledged as critical risk factors. This research focused on investigating the relationship between urinary metal levels and the likelihood of developing PD.

Methods

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), urinary levels of nine metals-barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), and uranium (Tu)-were measured in a cohort of 3,148 US adults. To examine their association with Parki

SUBMITTER: Lv JJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11979115 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature