Black Hole Sign under Anticoagulant Therapy: A Retrospective Comparison of Warfarin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

ABSTRACT:

Background and purpose

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have rapidly replaced warfarin. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is known to be one of the most severe side effects of anticoagulant drugs. The black hole (BH) sign is reportedly a valid radiologic sign for predicting hematoma expansion in acute ICH. Here, we hypothesized that the frequency of BH signs might differ between warfarin and DOAC treatment. We critically evaluated the clinical value of the BH sign in acute ICH under warfarin versus DOAC therapy.

Materials and methods

Patients with acute ICH under anticoagulant therapy were enrolled. Hematoma volumes were measured by ABC/2. Radiologists blinded to the clinical information determined the presence or absence of the BH sign on CT images. This study defined a more

SUBMITTER: Sato H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11979805 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature