Causal insights into major risk factors for diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study aims to identify major risk factors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and examine their causal relationships using meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.

Materials and methods

This study reviewed diabetic nephropathy literature up to September 2024, evaluating quality with NOS, AMSTAR 2, and JBI. It analyzed heterogeneity using the Baujat plot and leave-one-out method, and conducted meta-analysis with fixed- or random-effects models based on I². Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and Egger's test. Mendelian randomization using GWAS SNPs explored causal links through IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, while pleiotropy and heterogeneity were checked with the MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q.

Results

Me

SUBMITTER: Zhou Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11984328 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature