Two-plex <i>in vivo</i> molecular imaging in the second near-infrared window for immunotherapeutic response.

ABSTRACT: Tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells and programmed death-1 (PD1) levels are critical indicators for tumor immunophenotyping and therapeutic decision-making. Noninvasive optical imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR-II) is particularly well-suited for investigating the biological processes within tumors in live mammals, thanks to its deep-tissue penetration and superior spatiotemporal resolution. However, in vivo NIR-II imaging has primarily been restricted to a single probe at a time. Methods: Herein, we developed a two-plex NIR-II molecular imaging method utilizing the non-overlapping fluorescence emission of indocyanine green (ICG) in the NIR-IIa window (1000-1200 nm) and PbS/CdS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) in the NIR-IIb window (1500-1700 nm). By integra

SUBMITTER: Sun Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11984393 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature