NETs activate the GAS6-AXL-NLRP3 axis in macrophages to drive morphine tolerance.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The development of morphine tolerance presents a major clinical challenge in the effective management of severe pain. This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance from a novel perspective, with the ultimate goal of uncovering new insights and identifying promising therapeutic targets for its treatment.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were used in the tail-flick test to evaluate morphine tolerance. Neutrophils derived from mouse bone marrow were employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying morphine-induced NETs formation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were harvested from the femur and tibia to study the role of NETs-induced inflammation in analgesic tolerance. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured using Western blotting and real-ti

SUBMITTER: Tian Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11992818 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature