Effects of virtual reality with different modalities on upper limb recovery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis on optimizing stroke rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

As a major cause of disability worldwide, stroke affects about 80% of survivors with upper limb (UL) motor dysfunction, significantly impairing their quality of life. Virtual reality (VR) has been recognized as an innovative rehabilitation tool; however, the effectiveness of VR systems with different immersion modalities is still uncertain. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of intervention measures, including non-immersive gaming consoles, immersive VR (IVR), non-immersive VR (NIVR), and conventional therapy (CT) on upper limb motor function in stroke rehabilitation.

Materials and methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus identified randomized controlled trials (R

SUBMITTER: Zhang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11996652 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature