Analyzing heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease using multimodal normative modeling on imaging-based ATN biomarkers.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Previous studies have applied normative modeling on a single neuroimaging modality to investigate Alzheimer disease (AD) heterogeneity. We employed a deep learning-based multimodal normative framework to analyze individual-level variation across ATN (amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration) imaging biomarkers.

Methods

We selected cross-sectional discovery (n = 665) and replication cohorts (n = 430) with available T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid, and tau positron emission tomography (PET). Normative modeling estimated individual-level abnormal deviations in amyloid-positive individuals compared to amyloid-negative controls. Regional abnormality patterns were mapped at different clinical group levels to assess intra-group heterogeneity. An individual-l

SUBMITTER: Kumar S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12000228 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature