Mapping the role of macro and micronutrients in bone mineral density: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Macro and micronutrients may play an important role in osteoporosis development; however, observational studies have yielded inconsistent results. Clarifying these associations is vital to the development of nutritional recommendations aimed at preventing osteoporosis.

Methods

Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to date, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effects of energy-adjusted macronutrient intake (fat, protein, carbohydrate, and sugar) and circulating levels of 20 micronutrients (ten each for vitamins and minerals) on heel estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), a promising marker for osteoporosis risk and fracture susceptibility. Sensitivity, sex-specif

SUBMITTER: Xiang R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12003484 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature