Redefining closed pores in carbons by solvation structures for enhanced sodium storage.

ABSTRACT: Closed pores are widely accepted as the critical structure for hard carbon negative electrodes in sodium-ion batteries. However, the lack of a clear definition and design principle of closed pores leads to the undesirable electrochemical performance of hard carbon negative electrodes. Herein, we reveal how the evolution of pore mouth sizes determines the solvation structure and thereby redefine the closed pores. The precise and uniform control of the pore mouth sizes is achieved by using carbon molecular sieves as a model material. We show when the pore mouth is inaccessible to N₂ but accessible to CO₂ molecular probes, only a portion of solvent shells is removed before entering the pores and contact ion pairs dominate inside pores. When the pore mouth is inaccessible

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12003850 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature