Identification of Three Distinct Subgroups in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Implication for Sex Differences and Prognostic Outcomes from a Multicenter Study.

ABSTRACT: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. This study aimed to identify unrecognized APS subgroups from multicenter cohorts (n = 760, training: n = 415; validation: n = 345). Patients are stratified through unsupervised K-means clustering analysis. Prognostic outcomes are evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Proteomic analysis is conducted on primary APS patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 12). Key molecule insulin-like growth factor 1 is validated using ELISA. Three clusters are identified. Cluster 1 (n = 320, 42.1%) is completely consisted of females (100%), with predominant occurrence of pregnancy morbidity (88.8%) but low incidences of thrombocytopenia (18.4%) and thrombosis (15.0%), and a favora

SUBMITTER: Chen C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12005735 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature