Protective effects of 4-HBd on blood-brain barrier integrity in MCAO/R model rats based on brain pharmacokinetic characteristics.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

This study explored the brain-targeting properties and mechanisms of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBd), the primary active component of Gastrodia elata, in mitigating ischemic stroke (IS)-induced injury by preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, based on brain pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Methods

The anti-IS effects of the G. elata extract were assessed using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model, leading to the identification of 4-HBd as the principal active ingredient. BBB protection was evaluated through neurological scoring, Evans Blue (EB) extravasation, cerebral infarct volume, and ultrastructural integrity. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (N

SUBMITTER: Feng J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12012380 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature