Injectable Piezoelectric Hydrogel Promotes Tendon-Bone Healing via Reshaping the Electrophysiological Microenvironment and M2 Macrophage Polarization.

ABSTRACT: Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common musculoskeletal disease that poses challenges for functional regeneration of the tendon-bone interface (TBI). The transition of TBI between soft and hard tissues determines its structural and physiological environment complexity. Here, we present an injectable biopiezoelectric material PVA/CNF/BTO@PDA (Piezoelectric) hydrogel based on three-dimensional (3D) printing inspired by the "muscle-electrical coupling". This Piezoelectric hydrogel indicated desirable piezoelectric and mechanical properties, excellent biodegradability, and biosafety. In vitro, electrical stimulation from Piezoelectric hydrogel by the Flexcell Tissue Train system promoted the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, directing the targeted aggregation and zonal-specific diff

SUBMITTER: Li X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12012719 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature