A cross-sectional study of age-related changes in the position of upper and lower lips relative to the esthetic plane.

ABSTRACT: Understanding age-related changes in the position of the upper lip relative to the esthetic plane (UL-EP) and lower lips relative to the esthetic plane (LL-EP) is crucial for optimizing aesthetic outcomes in orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. Previous studies often lack comprehensive adjustments for confounding factors and ignore the nonlinear relationships. This study addresses these issues by investigating age-related changes in upper and lower lip positions relative to the E-line. This cross-sectional study analyzed the lip positions of 2961 individuals (Age: 21.45 ± 7.43). Data were adjusted for confounding factors, including gender, dental, skeletal, and soft tissue parameters. Statistical methods, including Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS), multivariate regression, interaction ana

SUBMITTER: Zhang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12015247 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature