Longitudinal association of cumulative risk factors in early life, genetic risk, and healthy lifestyles during adulthood with the risk of type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The combined influence of early life risk factors on the type 2 diabetes (T2D) development is not well-studied, and it is unclear whether these associations can by modified by genetic risk and healthy lifestyles in later life.

Methods

We studied 148,621 participants in the UK Biobank. We calculated early-life risk scores (ERS) by summing the cumulative number of three early-life risk factors: low birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and non-breastfed as a baby. We estimated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2D and calculated participants' modifiable healthy lifestyle score (MHS) during adulthood.

Results

A total of 7,408 incident T2D were identified. ERS showed a positive dose-response association with T2D risk. Compared with participants with 0

SUBMITTER: Hu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12020231 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature