E2F expression profiling-based subtypes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: clinical relevance, prognostic implications, and personalized therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis. Dysregulation of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), which control cell proliferation and apoptosis, is implicated in HNSCC pathogenesis. This study explores HNSCC molecular heterogeneity via E2Fs expression, identifies distinct subtypes, and develops a prognostic model that integrates gene expression, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity.

Methods

We analyzed the TCGA-HNSC dataset (n = 494) and classified samples based on the expression of eight E2Fs using ConsensusClusterPlus. The optimal number of clusters (k = 2) was determined with the getOptK() function, which assesses cluster stability via internal consistency metrics. Differentially expressed genes between su

SUBMITTER: Jiang H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12023618 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature