Ultrastructural Changes in Final Instar Larvae of <i>Papilio polytes</i> (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Lead to Differences in Epidermal Spreading of Water and Adjuvants.

ABSTRACT: Papilio polytes is a cosmopolitan Lepidoptera species of controversial use and management. It remained unclear how its epidermal ultrastructure changes during development and how this affects its wetting properties in relation to water and pesticide adjuvants. In this study, the epidermis of P. polytes was systematically examined at the important feeding stage (from 3rd to 5th instar). Its ultrastructure was quantitatively observed by scanning electron microscopy. Its wetting properties towards the three main types of adjuvants and water were evaluated by contact angle. The chemical functional group differences between different instars and different adjuvant treatments were analyzed by mid-infrared spectroscopy. The correlation between the ultrastructural deformation and var

SUBMITTER: Lu Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12025132 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature