Impact of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Staging on Myocardial Infarction Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of 2.7 Million Patients.

ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, recently defined by the American Heart Association, encompasses the interplay between obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CKM syndrome severity on outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2019. Adult patients hospitalized with AMI were stratified into CKM Stages 0-4 based on ICD-10 codes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between CKM stages and in-hospital procedures and outcomes. Results: The study analyzed 2,768,154 AMI cases. Advanced CKM stages were associated wi

SUBMITTER: Shabtai R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12026123 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature