Revolutionizing Eco-Friendly Leather Production: A Freeze-Thaw and Liquid Fermentation Approach with Fungal Mycelium.

ABSTRACT: The environmental impact and resource demands of traditional leather manufacturing have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Fungal mycelium leather, recognised for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has emerged as a promising option. This study established a cyclic freeze-thaw dehydration protocol for preparing mycelial leather using Ganoderma mycelium produced through liquid fermentation. By precisely controlling the fermentation parameters (pH 5.5, 150 rpm agitation, 28 °C), the liquid fermentation process ensures uniform mycelial growth, which is critical for subsequent structural enhancement during freeze-thaw cycles. After three freeze-thaw cycles were performed at -15 °C, uniformly distributed ice crystals facilitated effective water removal, achieving

SUBMITTER: Song L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12028536 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature