Isolation and Characterization of Photosensitive Hemolytic Toxins from the Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate <i>Akashiwo sanguinea</i>.

ABSTRACT: The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea is known to have acute toxic effects on multiple marine organisms, while the composition and chemical properties of its toxins remain unclear. In this study, we established a method for separation and purification of A. sanguinea toxins using chromatographic techniques. The acetone extract of A. sanguinea exhibited higher hemolytic activity and shorter incubation time compared to methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Five fractions were obtained by solid-phase extraction (SPE), of which SPE3 (acetone/water ratio 3:2) and SPE4 (acetone/water ratio 4:1) exhibited the highest hemolytic activities and allelopathic effects. Further purification on SPE3 and SPE4 using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HP

SUBMITTER: Pan J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12028677 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature