Flow Virometry in Wastewater Monitoring: Comparison of Virus-like Particles to Coliphage, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, CrAssphage, and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus.

ABSTRACT: Flow virometry (FVM) offers a promising approach for monitoring viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) in environmental samples. This study compares levels of non-specific VLPs across a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with levels of somatic coliphage, (F+) specific coliphage, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), CrAssphage (CrAss), and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV). All targets were quantified in influent, secondary-treated effluent, and tertiary-treated effluent at the University of California, Davis Wastewater Treatment Plant (UCDWWTP) over 11 weeks. We established an FVM-gating boundary for VLPs using bacteriophages T4 and ϕ6 as well as four phages isolated from wastewater. We then utilize T4 alongside three submicron beads as quality controls in the FVM assay. Coliphage was

SUBMITTER: Johnson MM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12031537 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature