Efficient risk-based collection of biospecimens in cohort studies: designing a prospective study of diagnostic performance for multicancer detection tests.

ABSTRACT: In cohort studies, it can be infeasible to collect specimens on an entire cohort. For example, to estimate sensitivity of multiple multi-cancer detection (MCD) assays, we desire an extra 80 mL of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) blood, but this much extra blood is too expensive for us to collect on everyone. We propose a novel epidemiologic study design that efficiently oversamples those at highest baseline disease risk from whom to collect specimens, to increase the number of future cases with cfDNA blood collection. The variance reduction ratio from our risk-based subsample versus a simple random (sub)sample (SRS) depends primarily on the ratio of risk model sensitivity to the fraction of the cohort selected for specimen collection subject to constraining the risk model specificity. In a simulation

SUBMITTER: Ramos MLF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12034839 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature