Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Female Speaker Representation at the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Annual Meetings Over Time.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Female representation among residents and practicing surgeons in orthopaedics remains disproportionately low at 19.3% and 7.4%, respectively. This study investigates female representation in speaker roles at American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) meetings over time.

Methods

The annual AOFAS meeting programs for 2012 to 2024 were reviewed by 3 independent raters. Each speaker, moderator, and panelist was classified based on gender and role; data were cross-checked using Fleiss multirater κ validation. Sessions discussing surgical or biomedical topics were categorized as "technical," and all other sessions were categorized as "nontechnical." Yearly odds ratios (ORs) and CIs evaluating gender vs session status, as well as gender vs speaker role, are provid

SUBMITTER: Kutzer KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12035373 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature